Programming FlashCards - Learn Coding Concepts

BETWEEN Operator

The BETWEEN operator in SQL is used within a WHERE clause to filter the result set within a certain range. It is inclusive, meaning it includes the boundary values.

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SQL WHERE Clause

The WHERE clause in SQL is used to filter records based on specified conditions. It can be used with SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE statements to specify which records should be affected.

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Not Null Constraint

A Not Null Constraint ensures that a column cannot have a NULL value. This is essential for ensuring that important fields are always populated with valid data.

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Check Constraint

A Check Constraint in SQL is used to limit the values that can be placed in a column. It ensures that all values in a column satisfy a specific condition, enhancing data integrity.

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Aggregate Functions

Aggregate functions in SQL perform calculations on a set of values and return a single value. Common examples include SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, and MAX, which are essential for data analysis and reporting.

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Numeric Functions

SQL provides various numeric functions to perform calculations on numeric data types. Common functions include ROUND, CEIL, FLOOR, and ABS, which help in manipulating and formatting numeric values in queries.

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Truncate with Cascade

Using TRUNCATE TABLE with the CASCADE option allows you to remove all rows from a table and automatically delete all rows in any tables that have foreign key references to it, maintaining referential integrity.

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Truncate Table

The TRUNCATE TABLE statement is used to delete all rows from a table in SQL without logging individual row deletions. It's faster than DELETE as it does not generate individual row delete logs and resets any auto-increment counters.

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Using Indexes

Indexes in SQL improve query performance by allowing the database to find rows faster. They work like a book's index, enabling quick lookups without scanning the entire table. However, they can slow down write operations due to the need to update the index.

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Basic SELECT

The SELECT statement is used to query data from a database. You can specify the columns you want to retrieve, and you can filter the results using the WHERE clause.

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SELECT Basics

The SELECT statement is used to query data from a database. It allows you to specify which columns to retrieve, filter results, and sort the output. Here's a simple example of a SELECT statement in SQL.

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Unique Constraint

A unique constraint ensures that all values in a column are distinct from one another. This is useful for preventing duplicate entries in a column that should contain unique data, such as email addresses or user IDs.

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Foreign Key

A foreign key is a field (or collection of fields) in one table that uniquely identifies a row of another table. It establishes a relationship between the two tables, ensuring referential integrity.

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Rename Column

Use the ALTER TABLE statement to rename an existing column in a table. This helps maintain clarity and relevance in your database schema as requirements evolve.

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Add Column

The ALTER TABLE statement is used to add a new column to an existing table in SQL. This allows you to expand your database schema to accommodate new data requirements without losing existing data.

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SQL Role-Based Access

Implement role-based access control in SQL to manage user permissions through predefined roles, simplifying security management across database users.

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SQL GRANT Statement

Learn how to grant specific database permissions to users, controlling access to tables, views, and database operations.

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