Programming FlashCards - Learn Coding Concepts

Factorial Function

A classic example of recursion in C is the calculation of the factorial of a number. The factorial of a non-negative integer n is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n.

Factorial

The factorial of a non-negative integer n is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. It is commonly defined using recursion, where factorial(n) = n * factorial(n-1) with a base case of factorial(0) = 1.

Nested While Loop

A nested while loop is a loop inside another loop. The inner loop runs completely for each iteration of the outer loop, allowing for complex iterations and multi-dimensional data processing in C programming.

Loop Control

Control the flow of a while loop using break and continue statements to manage iterations effectively. Break exits the loop, while continue skips to the next iteration.

Enum Example

Enums in C provide a way to define a set of named integer constants. This enhances code readability and maintainability. Here's a simple example of defining and using an enum for days of the week.

Enum Basics

Enums in C are user-defined data types that consist of integral constants. They improve code readability and maintainability by giving meaningful names to sets of related values.

Switch Fall-through

In C, if a case in a switch statement does not end with a break statement, execution will continue into the next case. This feature allows for multiple cases to share the same block of code.

Switch Statement

The switch statement in C allows multi-way branching based on the value of a variable. It simplifies the code compared to multiple if-else statements and improves readability.

Infinite Loop

An infinite loop occurs when the condition of a while loop always evaluates to true, causing it to run indefinitely. This can be useful for certain applications but must be controlled to avoid freezing programs.

While Loop

A while loop repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a specified condition is true. It's commonly used for scenarios where the number of iterations is not known beforehand.

Structure Padding

Understand how compilers add padding between structure members to optimize memory alignment and access efficiency

Nested Structures

Learn how to define and use nested structures in C, where one structure can be a member of another structure.

C Designated Initializers

A C99 feature allowing initialization of specific struct or array elements by name, providing more flexible and readable initialization syntax.

Preprocessor Conditional Compilation

Use #ifdef, #ifndef, and #endif to conditionally compile code blocks based on defined macros, enabling flexible code compilation.

C Restrict Keyword

A type qualifier that helps compiler optimize memory access by indicating no pointer aliases exist, enabling better performance optimizations.

C Static Keyword

Defines variable/function scope and lifetime. Static variables retain value between function calls and have limited visibility.

Volatile Keyword

The volatile keyword prevents compiler optimizations for variables that can change unexpectedly, crucial for memory-mapped hardware registers and signal handlers.

C Variadic Functions

Variadic functions in C can accept a variable number of arguments using stdarg.h, enabling flexible function designs like printf().

C Function Pointers

Function pointers allow storing and passing function addresses as arguments, enabling dynamic function calls and callback mechanisms in C.

Bitwise Operations

Explore bitwise operators in C for efficient bit-level manipulation, useful in low-level programming, embedded systems, and optimization.

Bitwise Operators

Explore bitwise operators in C for low-level bit manipulation, useful in embedded systems, optimization, and binary logic operations.

Bitwise XOR Swap

Learn how to swap two variables without using a temporary variable by leveraging the XOR bitwise operation in C

Dynamic Memory Malloc

Dynamically allocate memory at runtime using malloc() to create flexible memory management in C programs

malloc Memory Allocation

Dynamic memory allocation in C using malloc() to create memory space at runtime, which must be manually freed to prevent memory leaks.

Pointer Arithmetic

Explore how pointers can be incremented and decremented to navigate through memory, enabling efficient array traversal and manipulation in C.

Struct Bit Fields

Demonstrate how bit fields in structs allow precise memory control and efficient storage of boolean or small integer values.

Struct Padding

Understand memory alignment and padding in C structures, which can affect memory usage and performance of data structures

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